Earth+and+Moon

Earth & Moon Animation   The Earth's Moon is the fifth largest in the whole solar system, and is bigger than the planet Pluto. The Moon has a nearly circular orbit (e=0.05) which is tilted about 5° to the plane of the Earth's orbit. Its average distance from the Earth is 384,400 km. The combination of the Moon's size and its distance from the Earth causes the Moon to appear the same size in the sky as the Sun, which is one reason we can have total solar eclipses.  It takes the Moon 27.322 days to go around the Earth once. Because of this motion, the Moon appears to move about 13° against the stars each day, or about one-half degree per hour. If you watch the Moon over the course of several hours one night, you will notice that its position among the stars will change by a few degrees. The changing position of the Moon with respect to the Sun leads to lunar phases.    It takes the Moon 27.322 days to go around the Earth once. Because of this motion, the Moon appears to move about 13° against the stars each day, or about one-half degree per hour. If you watch the Moon over the course of several hours one night, you will notice that its position among the stars will change by a few degrees. The changing position of the Moon with respect to the Sun leads to lunar phases. 
 * The Moon's Orbit and Rotation **

Have you ever heard the term the 'far-side' of the Moon? Because of the effect on the Moon of tidal forces due to the Earth, the same side of the moon always faces the Earth. In other words, it takes the Moon the same amount of time to rotate around once as it does for the Moon to go around the Earth once. Therefore, Earth-bound observers can never see the 'far-side' of the Moon. Tidal forces cause many of the moons of our solar system to have this type of orbit.  **Earth and Moon to Scale **<span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> **<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">1 pixel = 600 kilometers **<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">The average distance between Earth and Moon is approximately 30 times Earth's diameter. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">If you could fly to the Moon at a constant speed of 1000 kilometers per hour, which is the speed of a fast passenger jet, it would take sixteen days to get there. Apollo astronauts reached the Moon in less than four days even though they coasted "uphill" almost the entire distance. They got a fast start. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">The Sun happens to be 400 times the Moon's diameter, and 400 times as far away. That coincidence means the Sun and Moon appear to be the same size when viewed from Earth. A total solar eclipse, in which the Moon is between the Earth and Sun, blocks the bright light from the Sun's photosphere, allowing us to see the faint glow from the corona, the Sun's outer atmosphere. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">When the Moon is at apogee, it is 11% farther from Earth than it is at perigee. This is far enough that it cannot entirely block the bright light, so eclipses which occur near apogee are not total. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">Gravitational interaction (tides on the Earth caused by the Moon) transfers kinetic energy from Earth to the Moon, slowing Earth's rotation and raising the Moon's orbit, currently at a rate of 3.8 centimeters per year. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">
 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> || <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> || <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> ||  ||
 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">Perigee <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> || <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> || <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">363,300 km <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> ||^  ||
 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">Mean <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> ||  || <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">384,400 km <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> ||^   ||
 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">Apogee <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> ||  || <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES">405,500 km <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> ||^   ||
 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Agency FB','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES"> ||  ||   ||^   ||

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